Present participle; Past participle - refraining - refrained Present - refrain - refrain - refrains - refrain - refrain - refrain Past - refrained - refrained - refrained - refrained - refrained - refrained Future - will refrain - will refrain - will refrain - will refrain - will refrain - will refrain Present conditional - would refrain - would refrain - would refrain - would refrain - would refrain - would refrain Present Perfect - have refrained - have refrained - has refrained - have refrained - have refrained - have refrained Past Perfect - had refrained - had refrained - had refrained - had refrained - had refrained - had refrained Future Perfect - will have refrained - will have refrained - will have refrained - will have refrained - will have refrained - will have refrained Past conditional - would have refrained - would have refrained - would have refrained - would have refrained - would have refrained - would have refrained Imperative - - - refrain - - - - - - - -